Therefore, the refractive index also differs with way when gentle passes via an anisotropic crystal, supplying rise to route-particular trajectories and velocities.
Similarly, the polarization state of a laser beam inside of a laser crystal with thermally induced birefringence is distorted. The sort of distortion will depend on the situation, since the birefringent axis contains a different (e.
直光纤只有很小的随机双折射，即使这样其中的光传输一段距离后偏振状态也会发生变化。存在保偏光纤，是利用了很强的双折射来抑制这些效应。
the incredible index , but a instead a combination of and . This may be calculated with the following equation:
For optical fibers together with other waveguides, the excellence among uniaxial and biaxial would not apply, For the reason that propagation course is actually based on the waveguide.
一些激光器晶体（例如，钒酸盐晶体和钨酸盐晶体）本身就具有双折射。这在需要无去极化损耗的线偏振输出时非常有用。
Determine 7 illustrates a birefringent (anisotropic) crystal put among two polarizers whose vibration Instructions are oriented perpendicular to each other (and lying in Instructions indicated through the arrows beside the polarizer and analyzer labels).
Commonly, on the other hand, just one bargains with instances where the propagation way is in among the list of planes spanned with the principal axes of index ellipsoid, and in such situations the calculation is once more reasonably uncomplicated. This is often the case in calculations for section matching of nonlinear frequency conversion processes.
This is often the commonest means of period matching for a variety of varieties of nonlinear frequency conversion including frequency doubling and optical parametric oscillation.
Straight optical fibers will often be nominally symmetric, but Yet show some smaller diploma of random birefringence due to tiny deviations from perfect symmetry �?for example due to bending, other mechanical worry or smaller microscopic irregularities.
而在非线性光学和激光器技术中，双折射则是一些非各向同性透明介质的折射率依赖于偏振方向（即电场方向）的性质。后者的性质时非偏振光束入射到该材料上时产生双折射。
The vectorial romantic relationship defining the interaction between a light wave and a crystal through which it passes is ruled from the inherent orientation of lattice electrical vectors and also the direction of the wave's electrical vector component. Thus, a watchful consideration from the electrical Houses of an anisotropic materials is basic into the knowledge of how a light wave interacts with the material since it propagates through.
Microscopists classically seek advice from this orientation as currently being a place of extinction for your crystal, which is essential as a reference issue for analyzing the refractive indices of click here anisotropic components with a polarizing microscope. By eradicating the analyzer in the crossed polarizing microscope, the single permitted way of light vibration passing in the polarizer interacts with only one electrical component from the birefringent crystal.
尽管光纤本身不具有双折射，光纤光学中常常遇到双折射效应：有时双折射来自于光纤弯曲（引起弯曲损耗）和随机扰动。并且还存在保偏光纤。
Returning for the calcite crystal introduced in Determine two, the crystal is illustrated getting the optical axis positioned at the highest still left-hand corner. On moving into the crystal, the normal mild wave is refracted with no deviation from the traditional incidence angle just as if it were traveling via an isotropic medium.